Despite the fact that he died almost 30 years ago, Bob Marley is still one of the best-known names in world music. He invented a style of music called reggae, and his recordings are still popular all over the world today. Marley grew up on the island nation of Jamaica. He began to play in clubs there when he was 18. In 1980, near the end of his life, he traveled around Europe with his group, Bob Marley and the Wailers. These performances attracted the largest audiences of any musical act in Europe at that time.

Marley's music was a lively combination of Jamaica's African music and American blues music. His first songs talked about the difficulties faced by people living in the poorest neighborhoods in Jamaica. These songs were especially popular with young people who wanted to help change things for the better. Throughout his life, this issue was always present in his work. In his early 20s, Marley joined a religious organization in Jamaica called the Rastafarians. They believe strongly in human rights for everyone. From that time on, his Rasta beliefs heavily influenced the way he lived his life as well the songs he wrote.

Read the article and complete the sentence.

Read the article and complete the sentence.

                                                     

         The seasons in Antarctica are the opposite of those in the northern hemisphere. That means that it's winter there in the middle of July. At that time, almost all of the wildlife leaves for warmer climates. Only the emperor penguin stays behind to spend the winter, living on the open ice and swimming among the ice floes. The emperor penguin is the largest of the 17 species of penguins found in different parts of the world. This particular type never leaves its home at the South Pole.
          One very special adaptation allows emperor penguins to survive and raise their young in such a harsh climate. They gather together in large groups to keep each other warm. They take turns moving to the inside of the group. In this way, each penguin is able to have long periods of time away from the icy cold temperatures and the wind. Once each penguin has had their turn, it goes back to the edge, giving another penguin some time in the warm center of the circle.
          Every year, after the female penguin lays her single egg, she leaves it behind. She swims away toward the open ocean in search of food, first traveling as much as 80 kilometers (50 miles) across the frozen ice to get there. And what does she do with the egg? She leaves it at the feet of the male emperor penguin, who balances it on his feet and covers it with his warm feathers. A male emperor penguin can stand like that for as long as 65 days through icy winds and terribly cold temperatures. In addition, he eats nothing for that entire time. When the mother returns with food for the baby, the father leaves on his own trip in search of his own food. Meanwhile, the mother feeds and takes care of the baby that hatched while she was away. In this way, the parents are able to survive and, at the same time, assure the survival of their young.
 

Read the article. Then answer the questions using the information in the article.
 

Read and answer True or Flase.

 

We’ve all seen humanoid robots in the movies or on TV. Most of them are created as part of the story line and only appear to function independent of human control. However, there is one robot that does a fine job on its own and is truly special. His name is ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) and he is the product of more than 20 years of work by the Honda Motor Company.

ASIMO is the first robot that can walk independently and climb stairs. Because he has human-like hands, he can operate light switches, open and close doors, carry objects and push a cart. In order to get him to walk well, researchers studied insect, animal and human legs. While humans can move their necks, arms and legs in many different directions, robots have less freedom. Engineers build in “degrees of freedom.” One degree of freedom is, for example, up and down or back and forth. ASIMO has three degrees of freedom in his neck, seven in each arm and six in each leg. This enables him to have humanlike movements.

ASIMO’s vision system consists of two video cameras for eyes. His eyes can detect more than one object at a time and determine how far away an object is. He can also recognize faces and understand hand signals that have been programmed into his memory. ASIMO also has three microphones in his head. They allow him to hear what people are saying to him. However, they also have another important function. The sounds of voices picked up by these microphones are used by the robot to determine where the person is standing so he can turn and face them. This adds to ASIMO’s eerily human appearance. Engineers are continuing to refine his abilities, believing that someday that many of us will want to have a helper robot like him in our own homes.

Movie robots function without human operators.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO was created by a university research program.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO is able to climb stairs by himself.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO is able to turn on a light switch.

Read and answer True or Flase.

Researchers studied older robots while designing ASIMO’s legs.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO’s legs have seven degrees of freedom.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO can see only one object at a time.

Read and answer True or Flase.

ASIMO knows how to turn toward a person who is speaking to him.